Theme: 10. Characterization, Fate and Transport

Topic Area: 10i2. Advanced Data Visualization Techniques

Formatted Title:

Use of Dynamic Data Visualization Tools to Improve Remediation Outcomes at Well-Studied Sites

Background/Objectives:

At a large chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) site in the Pacific Northwest with a complicated release history and heterogeneous subsurface, post-interim action data indicated that initial site characterization efforts did not adequately identify contaminant sources. Conventional data figures oversimplified the dataset, reducing the regulator’s confidence in the conceptual site model and data evaluation. A new consultant was retained to evaluate the data prior to undertaking additional characterization and remediation efforts. This task involved reanalysis of the dataset to ensure its integrity, identification of data gaps, establishment of correlations within the site dataset, and use of a dynamic data visualization tool to effectively convey complex relationships to the site owners and regulator.

Approach/Activities:

Using this well-studied site, where previous investigation efforts failed to delineate the extent of groundwater contamination, the authors provide strategies to aid in the understanding of large or complex datasets via programmatic data evaluation and centralized data storage. The importance of understanding site remediation goals will be emphasized as a mechanism to understand the dataset, its limitations, and data gaps that must be filled prior to the next phase of site characterization. Common limitations in historical datasets (e.g., analytical data with elevated detection limits) will be identified, along with strategies to overcome them. These strategies are distinct from, and do not replace, standard data quality review, including checks to ensure that the dataset is complete and accurate.

Next, strategies for effective data presentation will be explored. Particularly at heavily studied sites, data visualization software is well-suited for communicating relationships that give a more nuanced understanding of aquifer properties, the nature and extent of contamination, and factors that render a site more or less suitable for different remedial technologies than is possible with traditional printed figures. Data visualizations designed for these purposes will be presented for the subject property to highlight how interactive tools can be leveraged to improve understanding of site data and produce better outcomes. For example, visualizations presenting cVOC trends over time in conjunction with average/maximum cVOC concentrations may support delineation of a new plume extent and identification of additional potentially impacted areas, particularly when combined with groundwater flow contours. These principles are applicable to a wide variety of sites. The dynamic nature of these tools allows graphics to be updated as additional data are collected, ensuring the conceptual site model remains current.

Results/Lessons Learned:

At this site, careful review of the quality, completeness, and usability of the historical dataset using modern tools became warranted when interim actions based on earlier site characterization efforts had mixed results. The new consultant team established an appropriate historical dataset through an intentional process and used a data visualization tool to reanalyze and present the data. Presenting trends across the area of investigation by depth, date, and contaminant enabled effective communication of data gaps to the regulator, resulting in approval of a data gaps investigation, remedial investigation/feasibility study, and cleanup action plan. The excavation and in situ bioinjection remedy will be completed by early 2024.

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Henry Bates