Formatted Title
PFAS Remediation Alternatives: A Close Look at the Recent Developments
Background/Objectives
This paper presents an overview of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compound remediation in soil and groundwater. Several proven PFAS remediation methods are available to treat bulk water or for wellhead treatment also some in situ methods are being developed by scientists.
Approach/Activities
This paper will evaluate ex situ and in situ PFAS treatment alternatives by performing literature review, contacting equipment and or material supplier, researching availability and lead time for implementation.
The following treatment alternatives will be evaluated:
- Ion Exchange (Resin)
- Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF)
- Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
- Surface Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF™) systems (OPEC Consulting)
- Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment (HALT) by Aquagga, Inc.
- PerflourAdTM System (TRS)
- Super Critical Water Oxidation (SCWO), PFAS Annihilator™ (Battelle)
- Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs).
Results/Lessons Learned
A summary matrix will be developed and presented for their technical efficiency, cost of application, time-effectiveness, ease of implementation, flexibility/scalability, waste minimization, and permanence of solution.